How energy is derived
The coefficient table, the arithmetic, and the rules: why ranges are kept, why midpoints are refused, and why a per-gram figure must never be applied to millilitres.
Every energy figure on this site is computed from an ingredient list and a table of coefficients. None is typed in. This page is the table, the arithmetic, and the rules that govern both.
Every coefficient is a planning figure
Not one is a laboratory analysis. They are reference-derived values with a declared margin, and the source document says so itself: these figures must not be published as menu declarations without re-verification against a facility's own supplier data. The declared margins are ±15% on energy and ±30% on caffeine.
A worked example, line by line
An iced latte with condensed milk, at the quantities the recipe states. Redo it with a calculator and you will land on the same number.
| Espresso | 36 ml × 0.03 | 1.08 |
| Sweetened condensed milk | 20 ml × 4.1 | 82.00 |
| Whole milk 3.5% | 180 ml × 0.64 | 115.20 |
| Ice | 100 g × 0 | 0.00 |
| Total | 198.28 | |
| Rounded for publication | 200 |
Rounding rule: to the nearest 5 kcal below 100, to the nearest 10 at or above.
Why ranges stay ranges
A published range is a statement about how much a product varies between suppliers. Replacing it with its centre discards that statement and replaces it with a precision nobody measured.
So a midpoint is refused everywhere: in the parser, in the accumulation, in the renderer, and in the filters. A figure that reads 285 where the source said 250 to 320 is indistinguishable from one somebody weighed.
When a drink has several ranged ingredients, the bounds are summed separately: the low total is the sum of the lows, the high total the sum of the highs. The components are proportional rather than independent, so the relative width stays roughly constant as ingredients are added — a latte computes to about ±10%, a flavoured latte to about ±11%.
A range that crosses a band boundary is never placed on one side. It is reported as straddling and carries a marker. Somebody avoiding drinks above a threshold must not be shown one whose upper bound is above it because its centre was not.
When a range is wide
Above ±25% relative width the reader is told which ingredient made it wide. A wide range without its cause is an apology; with its cause it names the one measurement that would narrow it.
The trap: mass against volume
A coefficient is per 100 ml or per 100 g, never both, and applying one to the other is wrong silently. Honey is the case to remember: at roughly 1.42 g per ml, a per-100-g figure used against millilitres understates a sweet drink by about 42%.
This is not a rare edge. Of the material figures on this site, 36 are stated per volume and 34 per mass — half the corpus meeting the other half.
So a basis mismatch is refused rather than converted. There is no density table here, and inventing one to bridge the gap would be inventing the figure.
The coefficient table
Read directly from the data the pages compute with. If a value here is wrong, every figure derived from it is wrong in the same direction, which is why it is published rather than buried.
| Ingredient class | Coefficient | Unit | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard flavoured syrup (60-65 °Bx) | 3.3 | kcal/ml | The default for any syrup unless stated otherwise |
| Pure cane sugar syrup (1:1) | 3.2 | kcal/ml | |
| Commercial diluted agave syrup | 3.2 | kcal/ml | Pure nectar 4.3 kcal/ml |
| Honey | 4.3 | kcal/ml | Density 1.42 |
| Sugar-free syrup | 0.1 | kcal/ml | Declare it “no added sugar”, not “zero calories” |
| Unsweetened flavour concentrate | 0.3 | kcal/ml | |
| Citrus juice concentrate | 0.6 | kcal/ml | |
| Balanced cordial | 2.6 | kcal/ml | |
| Sweetened fruit purée | 1 | kcal/ml | |
| Unsweetened fruit purée | 0.5 | kcal/ml | |
| Caramel or chocolate sauce | 3 | kcal/ml | |
| White chocolate sauce | 3.4 | kcal/ml | |
| Frappé base powder | 4 | kcal/g | |
| Hot chocolate powder | 4 | kcal/g | |
| Raw cocoa powder | 2.3 | kcal/g | |
| Matcha powder | 3.2 | kcal/g | |
| Whole milk 3.5% | 0.64 | kcal/ml | |
| Semi-skimmed milk 1.5% | 0.47 | kcal/ml | |
| Skimmed milk | 0.35 | kcal/ml | |
| Oat drink, barista | 0.59 | kcal/ml | |
| Almond drink, unsweetened | 0.15 | kcal/ml | The barista version is 0.28 |
| Soy drink, unsweetened | 0.36 | kcal/ml | |
| Coconut drink, barista | 0.24 | kcal/ml | |
| Canned full-fat coconut milk | 2 | kcal/ml | |
| Coconut cream | 3.3 | kcal/ml | |
| Liquid whipping cream 35% | 3.4 | kcal/ml | |
| Whipped cream, as served | 1 | kcal/ml | After aeration |
| Sweetened condensed milk | 4.1 | kcal/ml | |
| Greek yoghurt, full fat | 0.97 | kcal/g | Plain yoghurt 0.61 |
| Vanilla ice cream | 2 | kcal/g | One scoop ≈ 50 g ≈ 100 kcal |
| Espresso | 0.03 | kcal/ml | Negligible in practice |
| Filter coffee or plain cold brew | 0.01 | kcal/ml | |
| Plain tea and herbal infusion | 0 | kcal/ml | |
| Plain water and soda | 0 | kcal/ml | |
| Tonic water | 0.34 | kcal/ml | |
| Ginger ale | 0.38 | kcal/ml | |
| Alcohol-free ginger beer | 0.48 | kcal/ml | |
| Cola soft drink | 0.42 | kcal/ml | |
| Fresh orange juice | 0.45 | kcal/ml | |
| Apple juice | 0.46 | kcal/ml | |
| Pineapple juice | 0.53 | kcal/ml | |
| White grape juice | 0.6 | kcal/ml | |
| Sweetened cranberry juice | 0.46 | kcal/ml | |
| Grapefruit juice | 0.39 | kcal/ml | |
| Lemon or lime juice | 0.24 | kcal/ml | |
| Watermelon juice | 0.3 | kcal/ml | |
| Carrot juice | 0.4 | kcal/ml | |
| Tomato juice | 0.17 | kcal/ml | |
| Coconut water | 0.19 | kcal/ml | |
| Banana, peeled | 0.89 | kcal/g | A medium fruit ≈ 120 g ≈ 107 kcal |
| Avocado | 1.6 | kcal/g | Half a fruit ≈ 70 g ≈ 112 kcal |
| Fresh mixed berries | 0.5 | kcal/g | |
| Fresh strawberries | 0.32 | kcal/g | |
| Peanut butter | 5.9 | kcal/g | A tablespoon ≈ 16 g ≈ 94 kcal |
| Spiced biscuit spread | 5.7 | kcal/g | |
| Crisp caramel biscuit | 5 | kcal/g | One biscuit ≈ 5.5 g ≈ 28 kcal |
| Granola | 4.5 | kcal/g | |
| Shelled nuts | 6 | kcal/g | |
| Marshmallow | 3.2 | kcal/g | |
| Pitted date | 2.8 | kcal/g | One date ≈ 8 g ≈ 22 kcal |
| Ice | 0 | kcal | Not counted, but it dilutes and must be stated in the volume |
| Strawberry Purée | 1 | kcal/ml | |
| Raspberry Purée | 1 | kcal/ml | |
| Blueberry Purée | 1 | kcal/ml | |
| Red Berries Purée | 1 | kcal/ml | |
| Mango Purée | 1 | kcal/ml | |
| Passion Fruit Purée | 0.9 | kcal/ml | |
| Pineapple Purée | 0.9 | kcal/ml | |
| Peach Purée | 0.9 | kcal/ml | |
| Williams Pear Purée | 0.9 | kcal/ml | A distinctly grainy texture |
| Green Apple Purée | 0.9 | kcal/ml | |
| Red Apple Purée | 0.9 | kcal/ml | |
| Banana Purée | 1 | kcal/ml | Oxidises fast; seal it immediately |
| Coconut Purée | 1.3 | kcal/ml | `COCONUT` |
| Lychee Purée | 1 | kcal/ml | |
| Kiwi Purée | 0.8 | kcal/ml | |
| Orange Purée | 0.8 | kcal/ml | |
| Red Grapefruit Purée | 0.8 | kcal/ml | |
| Yuzu Purée | 0.7 | kcal/ml | Highly acidic |
| Calamansi Purée | 0.8 | kcal/ml | Between orange and lime |
| Green Melon Purée | 0.8 | kcal/ml | |
| Date Purée | 2.5 | kcal/ml | The highest in energy of the family |
| Cranberry Cordial Mix | 1 | kcal/ml | A generic replacement for the classic cranberry and citrus mix |
| Agave Lime Mix | 1.6 | kcal/ml | A generic replacement for the classic agave and lime mix |
| Mint Lime Mix | 1.4 | kcal/ml | A generic replacement for the classic mint and lime mix |
| Pineapple Coconut Mix | 1.5 | kcal/ml | A generic replacement · `COCONUT` |
| Spiced Red Fruit Mix | 1.2 | kcal/ml | A generic replacement for the classic spiced red fruit mix |
| Strawberry Lime Mix | 1.3 | kcal/ml | A generic replacement |
| Dark Chocolate Sauce | 3 | kcal/ml | `SOY` possible |
| Milk Chocolate Sauce | 3.1 | kcal/ml | `MILK` `SOY` |
| Caramel Sauce | 3 | kcal/ml | `MILK` possible |
| Salted Caramel Sauce | 3 | kcal/ml | `MILK` possible |
| Caramel Etching Sauce | 3 | kcal/ml | A generic replacement. The etching holds ≈ 20 minutes |
| Cocoa Etching Sauce | 2.9 | kcal/ml | A generic replacement |
| Red Velvet Etching Sauce | 3 | kcal/ml | A generic replacement |
| Neutral Frappé Base | 4 | kcal/g | `MILK` |
| Non-Dairy Frappé Base | 3.9 | kcal/g | `SOY` possible |
| Vanilla Frappé Base | 4 | kcal/g | `MILK` |
| Cream Frappé Base | 4.2 | kcal/g | `MILK` |
| Chocolate Frappé Base | 4 | kcal/g | `MILK` `SOY` |
| Sipping Chocolate Base | 4.2 | kcal/g | `MILK` `SOY` |
| Mocha Frappé Base | 4 | kcal/g | `MILK` `SOY` |
| Coffee Frappé Base | 4 | kcal/g | `MILK` |
| Matcha Frappé Base | 4 | kcal/g | `MILK` |
| Yogurt Frappé Base | 4 | kcal/g | `MILK` |
| Ceremonial Matcha | 3.2 | kcal/g | Caffeine 32 mg/g |
| Culinary Matcha | 3.2 | kcal/g | Caffeine 30 mg/g |
| Hojicha Powder | 3 | kcal/g | Caffeine 8 mg/g |
| Genmaicha Powder | 3.2 | kcal/g | Caffeine 12 mg/g · `GLUTEN` possible |
| Collagen Powder | 3.8 | kcal/g | Not plant-based |
| Lactose-Free Milk | 0.64 | kcal/ml | Naturally sweeter; cut the syrup by 20% |
| Heavy Cream | 3.5 | kcal/ml | |
| Almond Drink (Barista) | 0.28 | kcal/ml | `NUTS` · medium foam; curdles with acid |
| Soy Drink (Barista) | 0.36 | kcal/ml | `SOY` · good foam; heat-sensitive |
| Pistachio Drink | 0.55 | kcal/ml | `NUTS` |
| Rice Drink | 0.47 | kcal/ml | Weak foam |
| Aquafaba / Plant Foamer | 0.1 | kcal/ml | A replacement for egg white |
| Calamansi Juice | 0.28 | kcal/ml | |
| Mandarin Juice | 0.44 | kcal/ml | |
| Aloe Vera (diced, in juice) | 0.28 | kcal/ml | Strain and rinse it |
| Ginger Juice (fresh) | 0.35 | kcal/ml | |
| Diet Cola | 0.01 | kcal/ml | Caffeine ≈ 13 mg/100 ml |
| Lemon-Lime Soda | 0.4 | kcal/ml | |
| Orange Soda | 0.44 | kcal/ml | |
| Grapefruit Soda | 0.4 | kcal/ml | |
| Sparkling Apple Cider (non-alcoholic) | 0.48 | kcal/ml | **Alcohol-free status must be verified** |
| Canned Energy Drink | 0.45 | kcal/ml | Caffeine ≈ 32 mg/100 ml |
| Sugar-Free Energy Drink | 0.03 | kcal/ml | The same caffeine |
| Aromatic botanical infusion (non-alcoholic) | 0.25 | kcal/ml | The §3.7 coefficient stated for the class defined in §2.0; it covers the section's seven aromatic infusions |
The sugar coefficient prices pure carbohydrate at 4 kcal/g, the conversion factor Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 Annex XIV declares for carbohydrate.
Source: Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011, Annex XIV (EUR-Lex) — retrieved 2026-08-19
Replacing a planning figure with a measured one
A planning figure is a placeholder for a measurement nobody has taken yet. Three steps replace it:
- Read the value off the product label in front of you, with its own basis — per 100 ml or per 100 g, as the label states it, not as this site states it.
- Record it against the material with its source, so the next reader can see where it came from. A figure without its origin is a planning figure again, whatever it is labelled.
- Every drink containing that material recomputes. Nothing is edited by hand, because nothing was written by hand.
The recommended maximum caffeine intake for adults is 400 mg per day.
Source: European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) — retrieved 2026-08-19
A single dose of up to 200 mg of caffeine does not raise safety concerns for healthy adults.
Source: European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) — retrieved 2026-08-19